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A connected farm is an architectural design common in the New England region of the United States, and England and Wales in the United Kingdom. North American connected farms date back to the 17th century, while their British counterparts have also existed for several centuries. New England connected farms are characterized by a farm house, kitchen, barn, or other structures connected in a rambling fashion. This style evolved from carrying out farm work while remaining sheltered from winter weather. In the United Kingdom there are four distinct types of connected farmsteads, all dissimilar to the New England style. ==New England connected farm== The typical New England connected farm complex consists of the "big house", which acts as the standard family living quarters. Connected to the "big house" is the "little house", which contains the kitchen area. Next to it is the "back house", which was traditionally a carriage or wagon house. Connected to the back house is a standard livestock barn. This style was banned in many areas due to fire concerns, but the bans were lifted in the 18th century. Originally, all four buildings would have parallel roof lines. In later years (post-1800), when kitchens became more of a room of the house, the Little House became an ell off the Big House.〔Hubka, Thomas C. "(The New England Farmhouse Ell: Fact and Symbol of Nineteenth-Century Farm Improvement )," (in Elements and Forms of Vernacular Buildings), ''Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture'', Vol. 2. (1986), pp. 161–166. Retrieved 1 April 2007.〕 Connected barns describe the site plan of one or more barns integrated into other structures on a farm in the New England region of the United States. The New England connected farmstead, as many architectural historians have termed the style, consisted of numerous farm buildings all connected into one continuous structure. Houses, ells, sheds, barns, and other outbuildings all were combined to form one long building.〔Chase-Harrell, Pauline. (Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn: The Connected Farm Buildings of New England ), Book Review, (JSTOR), ''The New England Quarterly'', Vol. 58, No. 3. September, 1985, pp. 477–479. Retrieved 10 February 2007.〕 Architectural styles varied, from Greek to Gothic Revival.〔 The connected farmstead is unique in not only its connection of house to barn to shed, and so forth, but also because the architectural style of the home was often used on the other structures, including barns, connected to it. The time period when connected farms were popular coincided with the period of the New England barn, so most connected barns are of this type. Occasionally the older style English barn was moved or also connected to a house. Noted historian and architect Thomas Hubka commented in his 1984 book, ''Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn'': Those who built connected farms changed their farms by extending the architectural style and order of the house to their barns. This was a truly radical development by New England farmers, and it is this characteristic, more than that of house and barn connection itself, that is one of the unique aspects of New England connected farm architecture."〔 These types of structures were common throughout New England during the 19th century, but were found in most frequently in Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts.〔〔Lowry, Bates. (Built in Maine ), ''Blueprints'' magazine, Summer 1985, p. 10, National Building Museum (). Retrieved 10 February 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Connected farm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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